Inclosed forced-draft burner.



1. GOOD.

INCLOSED FORCED DRAFT BURNER.

APPLICATION HLED DEC-8.1916- Patented June 26, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1- J. GOOD.

INCLOSED FORCED DRAFT BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-8.1916.

133L152 Patented June 26, 1917.

3 SHEETSISHEET 2.

1.0000, INCLOSED FORCED DRAFT BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-8,1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

JOHN GOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

INCLOSED FORCED-DRAFT BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 26, 1917.

Continuation in part of application Serial No. 822,813, filed March 6, 1914. This application filed December 8, 1916. Serial No. 135,721.

'0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN G000, a citizen of the United States, residing in Brooklyn, New York, have invented the following-described Improvements in Inclosed Forced- Draft Burners.

The invention is a means of quickly obtaining high temperatures by the combustion of kerosene or other heavy liquid fuel within closed flame casings of narrow compass and consists in an organization and general arrangement of parts and operating means whereby the mere mechanical operation of the single actuating member may suffice to establish ignition and complete but non-explosive combustion in the closed passage, with promptness and certainty, and with a minimum expenditure of power and rapid rate of fuel combustion, and the invention still further and specially consists in the organization of the igniting agency whereby instant and reliable ignition can be obtained from electrical sources of low power, such for example as the ordinary magneto-generator as commonly used for gas-engine ignition, and it further consists in the means and arrangement adapting the said apparatus to be operated by hand power such as by a small crank, and in the special application of, and the mode of distributing, the combustion-supporting air to the flame in the'closed passage, and in various other features of importance to the attainment of clean, quick and complete combustion of the fuel, especially heavy fuels, as stated, and

all of which will become apparent to those,

skilled in this art from the following de scription.

The invention also is in part a continuation of my Patent No. 1207897 copending herewith, wherein combustion means of the same type has been claimed in combination with the vaporizer element of an internal combustion engine, in which relation it has particular utility.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows in side elevation one embodiment of the present invention, illustrating the flame passage and thing to be heated more or less diagrammatically;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a central vertical section through Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a compact form of operating mechanism for the burner head in side elevation;

Figs. 8 and 9 are plan and end views respectively thereof;

Fig. 10 a cross-section on line XX of Fig, 7; and

Figs. 11 and 12, sections of a further modified form of head.

Referring first to Figs. 11, the closed flame casing within which the combustion takes place includes the relatively narrow tube or passage 1 which opens into the confined space around the wall 2, representing the object to be heated, and beyond said object terminates in an open exhaust outlet 3 which may be assumed to be at some relatively remote or safe place for exhaust. The lateral entrance to this passage shown at at represents the entrance for another heating medium for heating the object 2 and for the case in hand, may be disregarded. hen the said object 2 is the fuel vaporizer of an internal combustion engine, the opening 4 may represent the entrance for the engine exhaust as in the application referred to and when the exhaust is thus employed for heating the vaporizer, the throttle 5 will be understood to be closed, and vice versa, the passage 4 to be closed when the throttle 5 is open, so that the flame in the passage is always completely and effectively isolated from the surrounding exterior. The flame passage, however, may be variously constituted with this effect. The burner head which is also closed to the exterior atmosphere, comprises an air admission chamber 6 which is joined concentrically to the end of the flaure tube and is relatively enlarged with reference to the diameter of the tube and formed with a tangential inlet '7, for the combustion-supporting air that is supplied'to it. A nozzle cap 8, having substantially the same or slightly larger diameter than the flame tube is secured to or formed on the opposite side of the said chamber (3, concentrically with the tube and constitutes an end closure for the latter and the flame tube. This nozzle cap 8 may be formed in one piece with, and

carry, the liquid fuel receptacle 9 for the burner head, as shown, which receptacle is supplied with fuel such as kerosene from a supply pipe 10. The liquid level therein is kept substantially constant by means of a float-controlled valve 11, or otherwise, and the liquid is delivered to the cone-shaped interior of the cap by aliquid nozzle 12, and under the aspirating effect of an air or fluid-pressure nozzle 13, centrally mounted in the end of the cap. These nozzles are adapted to project a finely atomized spray of the fuel liquid through the center of the air admission chamber and axially into the flame tube, and they work with excellent results for the purposes herein described when their orifices are made with drills ranging in the standard sizes from No. 52 to 44, although these dimensions are of course subject to variation depending upon the combustion capacity desired. The upper wall of the projecting nozzle cap 8 carries, permanently mounted therein, an electric spark igniter, constituted in the present case by a pair of single-pole plugs 14, havin insulated electrodes 15 projecting inwar ly and downwardly toward the spray, with the spark-gap between them disposed directly in the path of the liquid spray, and preferably slightly offset above its central axis. The electrodes 14: are bent or shaped so that their terminal portions diverge downwardly from the spark-gap, which formation serves to drain the liquid fuel impinging upon them away from the gap and thereby avoids the suppression of the spark that would otherwise occur by a drop of liquid bridging the gap. This self-draining function of the electrode terminals, due to their divergence, tends to insure reliability of ignition especially with moderate currents and short gaps. The longitudinal position of the spark-gap with reference to the spray nozzles is likewise a determining factor of the reliability of ignition, the proper position being substantially as illustrated in Fig. 3. By following the relative dimensions indicated the apparatus herein described produces unfailing ignition of kerosene and heavier oils with a spark of a few milliamperes and less than a hundredth of and without tendency to explode.

in used, the term non-explosive is inable factor to the'end of insuring reliable ignition. The plug\16 in the upper wall of the cap 8 provides access to the liquid nozzle if it should clog and is normally closed tight.

The air nozzle 13 is connected by a pipe 17 to a source of air pressure in the present case, a positive or geared blower 18, the part 19' being an air chamber in the piped connection. The air admission chamber 6 is connected by. pipe 20 to a rotary fan blower 21 and the two-blowers 18 and 21 are driven by a common gear train 22 at respectively the proper speeds to spray the fuel and supply combustion-supporting air at the suitable relative-rates to produce explosive proportions of fuel and air in the burner head although not an explosive mixture. The fan blower 21 delivers air to the chamber in relatively larger volume and lower pressure than the air to the nozzle 13 and such air joins the atomized liquid spray at a point close to" but just in advance of the sparkgap, that is to say, where it does not dilute or distort the spray atits point of ignition, and it enters the spray uniformly on all sides thereof. The ignition thus occurs in a place where the proportions of fuel and air cannot be or become explosive, and no explosion occurs because the complete mixture of the combustion-supporting air with the spray occurs only after it has been ignited. In this way reliable and quiet ignition is obtained from unheated kerosene, with complete combustion indicated at the exhaust As heretended to identify a steady combustion with a continuous flame, as distinguished from combustion which takes place as a series'of pops, or explosions resembling pistol shots.

The same gear train which drives the air compressor apparatus also drives an elec- ,trical device which is connected to operate the igniter. In the present case, this device is an ordinary magneto-generator 23, such as commonly employed for gasolene engines, and its gear ratio to the other apparatus in the train adapts it to producesanigniting current at any speed which will cause the latter to discharge a fuel spray into the flame tube. The operation of the gear train by the crank 24 thus automatically pro- The electrode terminals 15*will duces ignition of the fuel within the closed The shaft of the fan blower is shown equipped with a fly-wheel 25. The use of separate blowers forthe high and low pressure air supplies is preferred because of their economy of air pressure and ease-of operation. In the apparatus shown herein, an atomizing air nozzle pressure of say six or less pounds with fuel and air nozzles having orifices of the sizes stated, is suflicient to produce very satisfactory results, it being understood that the pressure of the combustion-supporting air is governed according to the flow resistance of the flame passage to be overcome, which, however, and as above stated is open at its exhaust. Variation of the operation of the crank produces corresponding variation of the intensity of combustion.

In the form of burner head shown in Fig. 5 the air chamber 6 and the nozzle cap 8 are in one piece and the former is of less diameter than in Fig. 3 though larger than the adjoining flame passage. supporting air introduced therein tangentially, is divided and distributed by a partitioning member 26 which is located centrally in said chamber and coextensive with the axial dimension thereof so that it eX- -also thin so as to constitute the minimum obstruction to the forward motion of the latter. Such a member serves to divide the incoming combustion-supportlng air into substantially equal portions surrounding the spray, and thereby promotes the formation in the flame tube of a certain stratified relationship of spray and air streams which is highly efficacious in producing rapid mixture and combustion and the said member also independently helps the combustion by virtue, as I believe of the heated surfaces it presents for vaporizing such particles of liquid fuel as may encounter it. Since all its surfaces are parallel or edge-on to the spray, it constitutes a vaporizing device without appreciable bathing or obstructing effect. Other cellular bodies dividing the burner head or serving to produce a similar distribution of the incoming air on all sides of the ignited spray, without at the same time dislocating it also give improvement of the same character either by virtue of their air dividing efiect or air directing effect or by their vaporizing tendencies and as will presently appear. In this form of burner head the divergently related electrode termi- The combustionnals 27 are also bent convergently to assist in draining away the impinging liquid. Also the liquid nozzle is equipped with an adj ustment valve 28.

Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate a burner head similar to that of Fig. 5 provided with a. modified form of air distributing member which consists of a perforated sleeve 29 centrally disposed in the air admission chamber 6 just in advance of the spark-gap and adapted to divide the incoming air current into a multiplicity of small air jets around the spray, but none of them striking the spray near the spark-gap. Such a distributer may be employed by itself with similar effect to that of the star-piece above described or may be usedin conjunction with the star-piece 26 placed inside of it, and is so shown.'

Figs. 7 to 10 illustrate the unit construction of operating apparatus for any one of the types of burner heads above described, the same being adapted to be actuated by a crank handle 30 or a small electric motor, to supply simultaneously the spraying pressure, ,comb'ustion-supporting air and igniting current. It consists of the two blowers, of the fan and positive types respectively,

and a magneto-generator, all mounted on a single base or bracket and interconnecting gearing of the proper speed ratios to produce automatic ignition and complete, nonexplosive combustion in the flame tube. The

pipe connection 31 from the fan blower 32 other parts of the operating apparatus, the

magneto-generator 36 being mounted on the far side of this base and the high pressure or positive blower 34 on the upper part of the fan casing at one end of the generator. In this position its operating shaft 41 extends between the upper parts of the blower and generator to the opposite end of the base 37 where the group of driving gears is located. The latter gears are journaled in the upstanding bracket 38 which is secured to the corner of the base 37 and carries also the journal for the internal gear 40, to which crank 30 is applied. The drive shaft 41 of the positive blower is journaled partly in its own blower casing and partly in the bearing 42 which projects from the upper part of the fan casing and it is driven by its pinion 43 meshing with the upper part of the internal gear 40. The armature shaft 44 is parallel with the shaft 41, and driven by its pinion 45 meshing with the lower part of the internal gear 40. The

shaft 44 carries at an intermediate point on the generator side of the bracket 38, a helical gear 46 driving a smaller helical pinion 47 on a cross-shaft 48, and the end of this latter shaft carries a spur gear 49 driving the spur pinion 50 of the fan blower shaft. The latter shaft is journaled in the fan casing. The specific construction of the fan and positive blowers and of the generator may be as desired and is not material to this invention, and it will be understood that in the arrangement described the rotation of the gear 40 drives each member of the group at the appropriate speed to operate the burner properly and as already explained. The flexible oiftake 31 from the fan blower and the similar ofl'take 33 from the positive blower are both arranged at the same end of the assemblage and the electrical cable 35 is conveniently led off also from the same end, so that the crank handle 30 may thus be disposed in a desirably projecting relation for convenient operation.

It may be stated in conclusion that the several parts of the invention as illustrated are so arranged that the first turn, or even less than a single turn, of the operating crank is suflicient to establish instant flame in the closed flame tube and that the velocity of crank motion controls the rate of fuel delivery and hence the rate of combustion, which may be as rapid as desired within the capacity of the apparatus.

Claims:

1. A forced-draft combustion device adapted to burn kerosene and like fuel comprising a closed flame-confining tube or passage having an exhaust opening at one end and a burner head at the opposite end, fluid pressure means in said head for atomizing a spray of the liquid fuel into said passage in an initially cold condition, an electric igniter including electrode members directly intercepting said spray and divergent downwardly from the spark-gap between them whereby liquid fuel impinging thereon drains away from the gap, and means for introducing combustion-supporting air under pressure into said burner head and into contact with said spray at a point thereof which is close to but where such air does not dilute the spray at the spark-gap, in combination with means for simultaneously supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing means and comblustion-sup-portin air to said burner head in a predetermined and substantiall constant relation to rendersaid spray ignitible by the spark in an initially cold condition and adapted to burn non-explosivelyvand with substantially complete combustion in said closed passage.

2. A forced-draft combustion device adapted to burn kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame passage having an exhaust opening at one end and a burner head at the opposite end, fluid pressure means in saidhead for atomizing a spray of the liquid fuel into said passage, an electric spark igniter mounted'in said head with its sparkgap disposed in the direct path of the spray and slightly offset from the axis of said spray and including electrode members divergent away from the spark-gap between them whereby the liquid fuel impinging thereon drains away from the gap, and means for introducing combustion-support ing air under pressure into said burner head and into contact with the spray Without diluting the same at the spark-gap, in combination With means for simultaneously supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing means and combustion-supporting air to said burner head in a predetermined and constant relation to render said spray ignitible by the spark in an initially cold condition and adapting the same to burn nonexplosively and with complete combustion in said closed passage.

3. A forced-draft combustion device adapted to burn kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame-confining passage having an exhaust opening at one end and a burner head at the opposite end, fluid pressure means in said head for atomizing a spray of liquid fuel into said passage, an electric ignitcr mounted in the burner head including electrodes, one or both of which protrudes inwardly from a recess or cavity in the upper part of said head and into the direct path of said atomized spray whereby the spark-gap directly intercepts said liquid spray and means for introducing combustion-supporting air under pressure into said burner head and into contact with said spray at a point where it does not dilute the same at the spark-gap, in combination With means for simultaneously supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing means and combastion-supporting air to said burner head in predetermined relation to render said spray ignitible by the spark in an initially cold condition and adapting it to burn nonexplosively in said closed passage.

4. A forced-draft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame-confining tube or passage having an open exhaust outlet at one end and a burner head at the opposite end, fluid pressure means in said head for atomizing a spray of liquid fuel into the passage, an electric spark ignitcr mounted in said head with its spark-gap disposed in the direct path of the spray and including an electrode terminal which protrudes into the spray from a cavity in the wall of the burner head, and means for. introducing combustion-supporting air under pressure into said burner head, uniformly round about said spray but not diluting the same at the sparkgap, in combination with means for simultaneously supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing means and combustion-supporting air to the spray therefrom in predetermined relation to render saidspray ignitible by the spark in an initially cold condition and to burn non-explosively in said passage.

5. A forced-draft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame-confining tube or passage hav ing an outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the other containing means for atomizing liquid fuel into said flame tube, an electric spark igniter intercepting the atomized spray and an entrance for combustion supporting air, said spark igniter and air entrance being relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not disturb the spray at the location of the spark from the former, in combinatlon with a cellular air-current distributing member mounted in said head directly in advance of the location of the spark-gap and means for simultaneously operating said atomizing means and supplying air under pressure to said air entrance in predetermined and constant relation to permit spark ignition of said fuel spray in an initially cold condition and adapted to produce complete non-explosive combustion thereof within said closed passage. p

6. A forced-draft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame tube or passage having an outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the other containing means for atomizing liquid fuel into said flame tube, an electric spark igniter intercepting the atomized spray and an entrance for combustion-supporting air surrounding all sides of the atomized spray therein immediately in advance of the igniter, in combination with cellular, aircurrentdividing and distributing means mounted in said head and coinciding with the position of the said air entrance thereto and means for simultaneously operating said atomizing means and supplying combustionsupporting air to said air entrance in a predetermined and constant relation to permit spark ignition of said fuel spray in an ini tially cold condition and operating to pro duce complete, non explosive combustion thereof within said closed passage.

7. A forced-draft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuels comprising a closed flame confining tube having an open exhaust outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the opposite end comprising a relatively enlarged air admission chamber surrounding the central longitudinal axis of the flame tube and adapted to permit inward flow of air from all sides of said axis, a nozsaid chamber and of less diameter than the said chamber and forming an end closure for said tube and chamber, nozzles carried by said cap for atomizing liquid fuel through said chamber and into said flame tube and an electric spark igniter mounted in said cap between the fuel nozzle and the air admission chamber, and directly intercepting the spray from said nozzle, in combination with means for simultaneously operating said.

atomizing means, and supplying air under pressure to said air entrance in a predetermined and constant relation to permit spark ignition of said fuel in an initially cold condition and adapting the same to burn non explosively Within said flame tube.

8. A forced-draft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuel comprising a closed flame passage having an outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the other containing means for atomizing liquid fuel into said flame tube and including a liquid fuel nozzle a constant-level liquid fuel supply receptacle connected thereto and a fluid pressure atomizing nozzle in aspirating relation to said liquid nozzle, an electric spark igniter intercepting the spray from said nozzle, an entrance for combustion-supporting air surrounding all sides of the said spray and in advance of the said igniter and admitting said air at a point where it does 'not dilute the spray at the igniter, and means for simultaneously supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing nozzle and combustion supporting air to said air admission entrance in a predetermined and substantially constant relation rendering said spray nonexplosively ignitible by said spark in an initially cold condition.

9. An automatically igniting forced-draft therein and an air entrance for combustion supporting airsurrounding the spray, said igniter and air entrance being relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not dilute the spray at the location of the spark, in combination with means for simultaneously operating said atomizing means and supplying air under pressure to said air entrance in a predetermined and constant relation, an electrical device for operating said igniter, and a single operating member conjointly controlling saidatomizing and air supply means and the said electrical device, and producing non-explosive spark ignition of said fuel within said closed passage.

10. An automatically igniting, forceddraft combustion device burning kerosene and like fuel comprising a closed flame:

65 zle cap in rearward projecting relation to c onfining tube or passage having an outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the other containing means for atomizing the liquid fuel with air, an electric spark igniter intercepting the atomized spray and an entrance for combustion-supportlng air surrounding all sides of the atomized s ray, said spark igniter and air entrance elng relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not disturb the spray at the location of the spark, in combination with air compressing apparatus and amagneto-generator connected therewith by suitable gearing adapted to operatathe air supplying means in predetermmed constant relation to permit spark ignitlon ofthe fuel spray in an initially cold cond t on, and manually operated means for con o1n tly operating said generator and compressing apparatus to produce complete and nonexplosive combustion within the flame tube.

11. An automatically igniting, forceddraft combustion device burning kerosene and like fuel comprising'an air nozzle for atomizing the liquid fuel, an electric spark igniter intercepting said atomized spray, an entrance for combustion-supporting air, sald igniter and air entrance being relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not disturbthe spray at the location of the spark-gap, in combination with separate air-compressing apparatus for sald nozzle and air entrance respectively, a magneto-generator for operating said igniter and a single means for conjolntly operating said air-compressing apparatus and generator.

12. An automatically igniting, forceddraft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuel comprising a liquid fuel nozzle supplied with the liquid fuel from a constant-level receptacle, an air nozzle adapted to aspirate and atomize fuel from said nozzle, an electric spark igniter having divergent, self-draining electrodes directly intercepting said spray, an air entrance for combustion-supporting air, said igniter and air entrance being relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not dilute the spray at the spark gap, in combination with air compressing apparatus arranged to supply said air nozzle and air entrance with air in predetermined constant proportions adapting the atomized fuel spray to ignite in an initially cold condition, a magneto-generator, gearing connecting the same with the said compressing ap paratus and a single, manually operable member for conjointly driving the same.

13. An automatically igniting, forceda draft combustion device burning kerosene and like fuel, comprising a flame passage, a liquid nozzle connected to a co'nstant'level supply of the liquid fuel, an air nozzle in aspirating and atomizing relation thereto adapted to project a spray of liquid fuel into the passage, an electric spark igniter intercepting said atomized spray, an entrance for combustion-supporting air surrounding the spray therein, said igniter and air entrance belng relatively disposed so that the air stream from the latter does not disturb the spray at the location of the spark from the igniter in combination with a possane and like fuels, comprising a closed flame passagehaving an open exhaust outlet at one end and a closed burner head at the opposite end, fluid pressure means in'said headfor atomizing a liquid fuel spray into said passage, an electric igniter including divergently related, self-draining electrode members directly intercepting said spray, an entrance for combustion-supporting air surrounding the spray close to and just in advance of the igniter, in combination with means for conjointly operating said fluid pressure means and supplying combustionsu'pporting air to said air entrance in pre determined and constant relation adapting said spray to be spark ignited in an initially cold condition, an electrical device for operating said igniter and a single member for conjointly operating said pressure, air supplying means and'said electrical device to produce complete and non-explosive combustion of the fuel in the flame passage.

15. An automatically igniting, forceddraft combustion device for burning kerosene and like fuels, comprising a closed relatively narrow flame-confining tube having an open exhaust at one end and a closed burner head at the other containing fluid pressure means for atomizing a spray of the liquid fuel into said passage, an electric igniter mounted in the head and having electrode terminals extending downwardly from the upper wall of said head and directly interceptin the said spray,=,and an air entrance for com ustion-supporti'ng air surrounding said spray immediately in ad Vance of the igniter in combination with a star-shaped partitioning member longitudinally coinciding with the entrance of the combustion-supporting air to said flame passage, means for conjointly supplying fluid pressure to said atomizing means and air to said air entrance in predetermined relation and at different pressures adapting the fuel to be spark ignited in the casing or passage and to burn non-explosively therein, and an electrical device for operating the igniter.

16. In apparatus of the class described, a closed flame tube having an open outlet for products of combustion at one end, and a burner head at the other end comprising an air entrance chamber of greater diameter than said tube concentrically connected thereto, a nozzle cap member of substantially the same diameter as said flame tube connected to the air chamber in ubstantial alinement with the flame tube, fuel spraying means and an electrical spark igniter in said cap member, and a float-controlled supply receptacle for said fuel spraying means carried by said cap member, in combination with means for simultaneously supplying air under pressure to said chamber and operating said spraying means and igniter.

17. Automatically igniting, forced-draft combustion apparatus comprising a closed burner head having a liquid fuel nozzle, an air atomizing nozzle, an entrance chamber for a forced supply of combustion-supporting air and an electric spark igniter, all adapted to produce ignition and continuous combustion in said closed burner head, in combination with a fan blower, a positive blower, and a sparking current producer,

all grouped on a single base or support, connections from the same to said air entrance, air nozzle and igniter respectively, and a single operating wheel geared to all of said apparatus.

18. Automatically igniting combustion aparatus com risin a closed burner head having a liquid fuel nozzle, an air atomizing nozzle, an air entrance chamber for a forced supply of combustion-supporting air and an electric spark igniter, all adapted to produce ignition and continuous combustion in said head, in combination with air compressing apparatus and a sparking current producer, mounted on a single base or support and having flexible connection from the same to said anentrance, air nozzle and igniter respectively.

19. A mechanically operated, combustion device for automatically igniting and burning liquid fuel in closed passages of narrow compass comprising, a liquid fuel supply chamber, a flame tube having an open exhaust at one end and a closed burner-head at the'other, said burner-head containing afuel nozzle supplied from said chamber, an electric spark igniter and double inlets for air, one of said inlets operating to suck and spray liquid fuel from said nozzle in proportion to the velocity thereof and the other to supply all the air requisite for the combustion of the spray in said flame tube, in combination With an operating assemblage for said burner-head including air-compressing and electric apparatus, respectively and permanently connected to said inlets and igniter, and a single rotary drive member for said apparatus adapted solely by its rotation to start and maintain said burner-head in operation.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification.

JOHN GOOD. 

